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Vaccine and its role in immunity

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In this era, pathogens are everywhere around us including our body, and several life-threatening diseases are seeking chances to attack us. Thanks to biological science and its discovery, we can fight them off with the help of several medications and vaccination doses. Among them, vaccines play a vital role in the prevention of several life-threatening diseases. Almost every one of us is aware of the word vaccine, but do you know what vaccine actually is? And, how do they protect us from disease-causing pathogens?   https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiandevelopmentbank/50782885271 What is a vaccine? Biological agents that trigger our body's immune system to produce an immune response against a particular antigen are known as vaccines [ Czochor J & Turchick A, 2014 ] . The vaccine is generated from a pathogen that causes an infectious disease. It helps in immunization, which means the vaccinated person is protected from that specific disease. The process by which a v
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AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AN OVERVIEW

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We know that our immune system protects us from various disease-causing pathogens and fights them off, but what if our immune system can't differentiate between its own cells and pathogenic cells? This type of disorder is known as autoimmune disease, in this disease, our body's defense system fails to find the difference between our own cells and foreign harmful cells and mistakenly attacks our normal body cells. There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases but the most common among them include:   v Rheumatoid arthritis – it is a chronic inflammatory disorder that mainly attacks our body joints including hand and leg joints. In rheumatoid arthritis, our immune system attacks our own tissues and joints [Chauhan et al., 2022] . https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arthritic_hands_in_pain.jpg Symptoms ·       It affects joint lining. ·       Causes joint swelling and pain. ·       Over time it can cause bone erosion. ·       It also can cause joint deformity.
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